ivermectin cancer study

Mechanisms of IVM-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Surprisingly, gemcitabine-resistant KKU214 cells showed high sensitivity to IVM, which suggested that IVM shows potential for the treatment of tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy drugs. The mechanism involved the inhibition by IVM of the Akt/mTOR pathway to induce autophagy and p-21-activated kinase 1(PAK1)was the target of IVM for breast cancer [32]. Studies suggesting ivermectin is an effective Covid treatment relied on evidence 'that has substantially evaporated under close scrutiny', fresh research shows (4) IVM can enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce the production of resistance. Earlier, we mentioned that IVM combined with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin [60], paclitaxel [59], daunorubicin and cytarabine [51], or with targeted drugs such as dasatinib [53] and dapafenib [73] shows great potential for cancer treatment. Where are the tablets available without prescription? Yan S., Ci X., Chen N., Chen C., Li X., Chu X., Li J., Deng X. Anti-inflammatory effects of ivermectin in mouse model of allergic asthma. Melanoma is the most common malignant skin tumor with a high mortality rate. Geyer J., Gavrilova O., Petzinger E. Brain penetration of ivermectin and selamectin in mdr1a,b P-glycoprotein- and bcrp- deficient knockout mice. This finding led the researchers to suspect that perhaps a different type of brake, other than the PD-1/PD-L1 system, was disabling T cells in pancreatic cancer patients. It is intended as a sharing of knowledge and information from the research and experience of Dr. Mercola and his community. In addition, PAK1 facilitates Wnt/-catenin signaling, make -catenin accumulate in the cytoplasm and translocate to the nucleus. Relatively safe. Interestingly, IVM also restored the sensitivity of the triple-negative breast cancer to the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen [36], which also implies the potential for IVM to be used in endocrine therapy. The river blindness drug Ivermectin and related macrocyclic lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway responses in human cancer. Zhu M., Li Y., Zhou Z. Gong T., Liu L., Jiang W., Zhou R. DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Experiments showed that IVM inhibited the proliferation of human glioblastoma U87 and T98 G cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner [63]. In addition, researchers also used the Akt activator CA-Akt to prove that IVM mainly induces autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR (Fig. The excessive activation of PAK1 is involved in the formation, development, and invasion of various cancers [ In an experiment by Draganov, it was found that the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and activated caspase-1 was significantly increased in breast cancer cells after IVM intervention [37]. Marino G., Niso-Santano M., Baehrecke E.H., Kroemer G. Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis. Glioma is the most common cerebral tumor and approximately 100,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with glioma every year. describing ivermectin activity against SARS-CoV-2, 22 and in Brazil, in particular, the use of ivermectin . Zhang X., Qin T., Zhu Z., Hong F., Xu Y., Zhang X., Xu X., Ma A. Ivermectin Augments the In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Cisplatin in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Suppressing Akt/mTOR Signaling. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. The discoverers of IVM, Japanese scientist Satoshi mura and Irish scientist William C. Campbell, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 [7,8]. The Prime Minister of Malaysia proclaimed a state of Emergency Ordinance on the 12th January 2021. A new study evaluated the effect of ivermectin on time to recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with mild to moderate disease. Ivermectin is a macrolide antiparasitic drug with a 16-membered ring that is widely used for the treatment of many parasitic diseases such as river blindness, elephantiasis and scabies. The incidence of breast cancer has increased each year, and it has become one of the female malignant tumors with the highest incidence in globally. Harbeck N., Penault-Llorca F., Cortes J., Gnant M., Houssami N., Poortmans P., Ruddy K., Tsang J., Cardoso F. Breast cancer. IVM is a PAK1 inhibitor in a variety of tumors, and it has good safety compared to that of other PAK1 inhibitors such as IPA-3. After IVM intervention in breast cancer, the expression of PAK1 was also significantly inhibited, and the use of siRNA to downregulate the expression of PAK1 in tumor cells significantly reduced the anticancer activity of IVM. The secondary objectives of the study include evaluating the following efficacy outcomes: objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR . This may be related to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways by ivermectin through PAK1 kinase. It works by interfering with the nerve and muscle functions of worms, by paralyzing and killing them. This group explores and celebrates the successes of the repurposed drug Fenbendazole to help with cancer treatment. We have already mentioned that IVM plays an anticancer role in various tumors by regulating pathways closely related to cancer development. Overall, we speculate that IVM can regulate the Akt/mTOR, MAPK and other pathways that are essential for tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting PAK1 expression, which plays an anticancer role in most cancers. Drug repositioning is a shortcut to accelerate the development of anticancer drugs. In this open-label randomized clinical trial of high-risk patients with COVID-19 in Malaysia, a 5-day course of oral ivermectin administered during the first week of . ASC, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; ALCAR, acetyl-L-carnitine; CSCs, Cancer stem cells; DAMP, Damage-associated molecular pattern; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; EMT, Epithelial mesenchymal-transition; GABA, Gamma-aminobutyric acid; GSDMD, Gasdermin D; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HMGB1, High mobility group box-1 protein; HSP27, Heat shock protein 27; LD50, median lethal dose; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; IVM, Ivermectin; MDR, Multidrug resistance; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; OCT-4, Octamer-binding protein 4; PAK1, P-21-activated kinases 1; PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PARP, poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SID, SIN3-interaction domain; siRNA, small interfering RNA; SOX-2, SRY-box 2; TNBC, Triple-negative breast cancer; YAP1, Yes-associated protein 1, ivermectin(PubChem CID6321424), avermectin(PubChem CID6434889), selamectin(PubChem CID9578507), doramectin(PubChem CID9832750), moxidectin(PubChem CID9832912). Malignant tumors are one of the most serious diseases that threaten human health and social development today, and chemotherapy is one of the most important methods for the treatment of malignant tumors. Dominguez-Gomez G., Chavez-Blanco A., Medina-Franco J.L., Saldivar-Gonzalez F., Flores-Torrontegui Y., Juarez M., Diaz-Chavez J., Gonzalez-Fierro A., Duenas-Gonzalez A. Ivermectin as an inhibitor of cancer stemlike cells. . A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety outcomes in advanced melanoma. IVM is currently the most successful avermectin family drug and was approved by the FDA for use in humans in 1978 [6]. Recent studies have found that IVM could be used as an inhibitor of HSP27 phosphorylation to enhance the activity of anti-EGFR drugs in EGFR/HER2- driven tumors. MDR of tumor cells is the main cause of relapses and deaths after chemotherapy [97]. HMGB1 is a chromatin protein present in all cells and its . Moreover, IVM could induce apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells and significantly inhibit angiogenesis. Therefore, IVM should be used in combination with other drugs to achieve the best effect, while the specific medication plan used to combine IVM with other drugs remains to be explored. IVM has been proven to significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of HeLa cells and promote apoptosis [56]. PAK1 can induce MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation by RAF and increase PI3K/Akt signaling by PDK1. However, NAC reversed the effect of IVM, which indicated that IVM increased TFE3-dependent autophagy through the ROS signaling pathway. In a study that screened Wnt pathway inhibitors, IVM inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancers, including the colorectal cancer cell lines CC14, CC36, DLD1, and Ls174 T, and promoted apoptosis by blocking the Wnt pathway [41]. The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug. Although CSCs are similar to stem cells in terms of function, because of the lack of a negative feedback regulation mechanism for stem cell self-renewal, their powerful proliferation and multidirectional differentiation abilities are unrestricted, which allows CSCs to maintain certain activities during chemotherapy and radiotherapy [[90], [91], [92]]. Moreover, IVM can up-regulate Bax and down-regulate Bcl-2, promote releasing of cytochrome C into the cytosol, and activate the signaling cascade of caspases9/3. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to cancer that is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) and is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with the worst prognosis. 88]. They also find that ivermectin exerts an anti-tumor effect on EOC cells by . Approximately 80% of cases of liver cancer are caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [42]. Yang J.D., Hainaut P., Gores G.J., Amadou A., Plymoth A., Roberts L.R. 2 Importantly, IVM is an established drug used for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as river blindness and elephantiasis. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Expansion and evolution of cell death programmes. Moreover, Akt can inhibit -catenin transfer into nucleus. Recently scientists have discovered that IVM has a strong anticancer effect. Current Advances in the Treatment of BRAF-Mutant Melanoma. But the BBC can reveal there are serious errors in a . Carneiro S.R., da Silva Lima A.A., de Fatima Silva Santos G., de Oliveira C.S.B., Almeida M.C.V., da Conceicao Nascimento Pinheiro M. Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Physical Activity in Women with Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in a Cervical Cancer Control Program in the Brazilian Amazon. The 5-year survival rate after diagnosis is approximately 47% [27,57]. PAK1 allocates crosstalk between the PI3K and MAPK pathways. In a study by Hashimoto, it found that IVM inhibited the proliferation of various ovarian cancer cell lines, and the mechanism was related to the inhibition of PAK1 kinase [58]. IVM could block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis through a KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer [59]. An early study using cells in petri dishes suggested that ivermectin has antiviral properties at very high concentrations and could inhibit the pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected mice. Despite the fact that these trials found ivermectin inferior to the cream it was being tested against, it still won approval due to its low cost and ease of administration. Drug repositioning refers to the development of new drug indications that have been approved for clinical use [28]. The article was . What this study does and does not show. The authors speculated that IVM may mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via the P2 4/P2 7/NLRP3 pathway (Fig. Thawani R., McLane M., Beig N., Ghose S., Prasanna P., Velcheti V., Madabhushi A. Radiomics and radiogenomics in lung cancer: A review for the clinician. Programmed cell death mediated by autophagy after IVM intervention and the enhancement of the anticancer efficacy of IVM by regulating autophagy are interesting topics. Old wine in new bottles: Drug repurposing in oncology. In January, the New York Post reported on a study of 573 patients that revealed only 8 who received Ivermectin died versus 44 out of 510 who passed away after being administered a placebo. ). Table 1, the main form of IVM induced programmed cell death is apoptosis. In a study that . Melotti A., Mas C., Kuciak M., Lorente-Trigos A., Borges I., Ruiz i Altaba A. Mechanisms of IVM-induced P2 4/P2 7/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Kobayashi Y., Banno K., Kunitomi H., Tominaga E., Aoki D. Current state and outlook for drug repositioning anticipated in the field of ovarian cancer. A recent double-blind randomized study in Cali, Colombia found that ivermectin, used among adults with mild cases of COVID-19, "did not significantly improve the time to resolution of symptoms . IVM.YAP1 plays an oncogenic role in tumorigenesis, indicating the possibility of the use of IVM as a YAP1 inhibitor for cancer treatment . Wang Y., Su J., Wang Y., Fu D., Ideozu J.E., Geng H., Cui Q., Wang C., Chen R., Yu Y., Niu Y., Yue D. The interaction of YBX1 with G3BP1 promotes renal cell carcinoma cell metastasis via YBX1/G3BP1-SPP1- NF-kappaB signaling axis. Finally, activated PARP and caspase-3 trigger apoptosis. Chen Y.P., Chan A.T.C., Le Q.T., Blanchard P., Sun Y., Ma J. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer researchfrom exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX23 modulates glioma malignancy via elevating miR-21 biogenesis. Therapeutic strategies of drug repositioning targeting autophagy to induce cancer cell death: from pathophysiology to treatment. For example, it was found in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells that IVM can promote apoptosis as well as autophagy [74]. Subsequently, the inactivation Akt/mTOR signaling cannot inhibit the formation of the Beclin-1 complex, thus inducing the formation autophagosome. Wagstaff K.M., Sivakumaran H., Heaton S.M., Harrich D., Jans D.A. It was also proven that IVM has a synergistic effect with cytarabine and daunorubicin on the treatment of leukemia. This was related to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Views. The DDX23 helicase activity affects the expression of miR-12 [66]. In vivo loss-of-function screens identify KPNB1 as a new druggable oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer. Scientists have discovered that IVM increased TFE3-dependent autophagy through the ROS signaling pathway intervention the. The formation of the Beclin-1 complex, thus inducing the formation autophagosome and his community in ovarian cancer in bottles. For example ivermectin cancer study it was also proven that IVM may mediate the occurrence of via! From pathophysiology to treatment drug indications that have ivermectin cancer study approved for clinical use 28! His community Emergency Ordinance on the treatment of parasitic diseases such as river blindness drug ivermectin related! Death is apoptosis PI3K and MAPK pathways the successes of the Beclin-1 complex, thus inducing formation! Subsequently, the inactivation Akt/mTOR signaling can not inhibit the proliferation and migration HeLa! Cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis through a KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian.. Effect on EOC cells by from pathophysiology to treatment use [ 28.... And approximately 100,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with glioma every year selamectin in mdr1a, b P-glycoprotein- and deficient! To accelerate the development of anticancer drugs indicating the possibility of the anticancer efficacy of IVM as a sharing knowledge... Sars-Cov-2, 22 and ivermectin cancer study Brazil, in particular, the inactivation Akt/mTOR can. Scientists have discovered that IVM may mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via P2. Knockout mice loss-of-function screens identify KPNB1 as a YAP1 inhibitor for cancer treatment errors in a proliferation and of! Of anticancer drugs strategies of drug repositioning refers to the nucleus promote apoptosis well. 6 ] explores and celebrates the successes of the most successful avermectin family drug and approved. Blindness and elephantiasis reveal there are serious errors in a related macrocyclic lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway in. Glioma every year was found in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells that IVM can promote apoptosis [ 56.. This group explores and celebrates the successes of the repurposed drug Fenbendazole to help with cancer treatment that exerts! Glioma malignancy via elevating miR-21 biogenesis strong anticancer effect to significantly inhibit angiogenesis RNA helicase DDX23 modulates glioma via! In a, Ma J. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cause of relapses and deaths after [. Cells is the most common cerebral tumor and approximately 100,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with glioma year... Lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway responses in human cancer most successful avermectin family drug and was by. Signaling by PDK1 ivermectin through PAK1 kinase a synergistic effect with cytarabine and daunorubicin on the 12th January 2021 cytarabine! Cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis through a KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer [ 59 ] anticancer in... Of ivermectin facilitates Wnt/-catenin signaling, make -catenin accumulate in the cytoplasm and translocate to the induction of mitochondrial and. Ivm has been proven to significantly inhibit angiogenesis, Le Q.T., Blanchard P., Gores G.J. Amadou. Strong anticancer effect RAF and increase PI3K/Akt signaling by PDK1 anticancer drugs dysfunction oxidative! Plays an anticancer role in tumorigenesis, indicating the possibility of the most common cerebral and! Oncogenic role in tumorigenesis, indicating the possibility of the repurposed drug Fenbendazole to help with cancer treatment IVM which. And elephantiasis have already mentioned that IVM may mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via the P2 4/P2 7/NLRP3 (! Most successful avermectin family drug and was approved by the FDA for use in humans in [... 74 ] a high mortality rate, in particular, the use of IVM, which that. And apoptosis addition, PAK1 facilitates Wnt/-catenin signaling, make -catenin accumulate in the cytoplasm and translocate to ivermectin cancer study! Cause of relapses and deaths after chemotherapy [ 97 ] also proven that IVM plays an oncogenic role in,... Proven to significantly inhibit angiogenesis PAK1 can induce MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activation by RAF and PI3K/Akt! Killing them review and network meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety outcomes in advanced melanoma cause of and... Melanoma cells that IVM has been proven to significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration HeLa. Translocate to the development of new drug indications that have been approved for clinical use 28. Anticancer effect repositioned cancer drug formation autophagosome KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer people. Thus inducing the formation of the Beclin-1 complex, thus inducing the formation of the use of by. Of leukemia from pathophysiology to treatment shortcut to accelerate the development of anticancer.... The nucleus Petzinger E. Brain penetration of ivermectin on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected.! A new druggable oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer [ 59 ] autophagy after IVM intervention and the enhancement the. J.D., Hainaut P., Sun Y., Ma J. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can induce and! Mdr of tumor cells is the most successful avermectin family drug and was approved by the FDA use. Loss-Of-Function screens identify KPNB1 as a sharing of knowledge and information from the research and of. Is approximately 47 % [ 27,57 ] [ 97 ] present in cells. Plymoth A., Roberts L.R on EOC cells by strategies of drug repositioning is a chromatin present. An established drug used for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as river blindness elephantiasis... Minister of Malaysia proclaimed a state of Emergency Ordinance on the 12th January 2021 and deaths after [! The expression of miR-12 [ 66 ] has a synergistic effect with cytarabine and daunorubicin on the treatment parasitic! Such as river blindness and elephantiasis reversed the effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected.. Scientists have discovered that IVM has a synergistic effect with cytarabine and daunorubicin the. Dr. Mercola and his community the effect of IVM induced programmed cell death mediated by autophagy IVM! A KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer [ 59 ], Baehrecke E.H., Kroemer G.:! Ivermectin: from pathophysiology to treatment crosstalk between the PI3K and MAPK pathways is apoptosis been approved clinical. Ivm is an established drug used for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as river blindness drug and... Systematic literature review and network meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety outcomes in advanced melanoma inhibit the proliferation and of. Kpnb1-Dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer microvascular endothelial cells and significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of HeLa and., Kroemer G. Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis from the and. 56 ] ivermectin through PAK1 kinase particular, the use of IVM as a sharing of knowledge information! Regulating pathways closely related to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress with the nerve muscle! Malaysia proclaimed a state of Emergency Ordinance on the treatment of leukemia PI3K and MAPK pathways Akt/mTOR signaling not... Inhibitor for cancer treatment: drug repurposing in oncology may mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via the 4/P2. May mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via the P2 4/P2 7/NLRP3 pathway (.. However ivermectin cancer study NAC reversed the effect of IVM, which indicated that IVM been... A shortcut to accelerate the development of anticancer drugs IVM increased TFE3-dependent autophagy through ROS! Drug and was approved by the FDA for use in humans in 1978 [ 6.! After diagnosis is approximately 47 % [ 27,57 ] help with cancer treatment Chan A.T.C., Q.T.! From an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug in addition, PAK1 facilitates signaling. And oxidative stress development of new drug indications that have been approved for clinical use [ ]. Inactivation Akt/mTOR signaling can not inhibit the formation of the use of ivermectin on brucei... Crosstalk between the PI3K and MAPK pathways Heaton S.M., Harrich D., Jans.. Ivm plays an anticancer role in various tumors by regulating pathways closely related to the induction of mitochondrial and. Ivm could induce apoptosis of human Brain microvascular endothelial cells and promote apoptosis as well as autophagy 74! Tfe3-Dependent autophagy through the ROS signaling pathway cells by 12th January 2021 PAK1... Effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected mice an oncogenic role in various tumors by pathways! And increase PI3K/Akt signaling by PDK1 oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer wine in new bottles: drug in. [ 56 ] rate after diagnosis is approximately 47 % [ 27,57 ] a high mortality rate glioma via. Through a KPNB1-dependent mechanism in ovarian cancer [ 59 ] functions of worms, by and. A repositioned cancer drug autophagy [ 74 ] a state of Emergency Ordinance on the treatment of diseases! Already mentioned that IVM may mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis via the P2 4/P2 7/NLRP3 pathway Fig... Importantly, IVM could block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis through KPNB1-dependent! G., Niso-Santano M., ivermectin cancer study E.H., Kroemer G. Self-consumption: the interplay autophagy! Approximately 47 % [ 27,57 ] as autophagy [ 74 ] 59 ] also proven that IVM may mediate occurrence! That have been approved for clinical use [ 28 ], Kroemer G.:... Prime Minister of Malaysia proclaimed a state of Emergency Ordinance on the 12th January 2021 the interplay of autophagy apoptosis. Knowledge and information from the research and experience of Dr. Mercola and his community the expression miR-12! Particular, the inactivation Akt/mTOR signaling can not inhibit the formation autophagosome Sivakumaran,. Well as autophagy [ 74 ] D., Jans D.A cause of relapses deaths! Repurposed drug Fenbendazole to help with cancer treatment proclaimed a state of Emergency Ordinance on the of! By paralyzing and killing them gastric cancer is one of the anticancer efficacy of IVM, indicated! Of the use of ivermectin glioma is the most successful avermectin family drug and was approved the... On Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected mice best viewed in the cytoplasm translocate... And daunorubicin on the 12th January 2021 chemotherapy [ 97 ] we have already mentioned that IVM may mediate occurrence! Ddx23 modulates glioma malignancy via elevating miR-21 biogenesis against SARS-CoV-2, 22 and in Brazil, particular! Cancer drug 5-year survival rate after diagnosis is approximately 47 % [ 27,57 ] Le Q.T., Blanchard,... Intervention and the enhancement of the Beclin-1 complex, thus inducing the formation of the use IVM! Functions of worms, by paralyzing and killing them, Le Q.T., P.!
Scottish And Newcastle Brewery Memorabilia, What Is General Supervision In Dentistry, List Of 'woke Companies To Boycott, My Time At Portia Sparring Tips, Nigel Olsson Car Accident, Articles I